Listed below is the current inventory of San Francisco's surveillance technologies by department.

Committee on Information Technology Strategy Meetings Policy About Policy > Protecting Privacy Surveillance Technology Inventories In 2019, San Francisco’s Board of Supervisors passed the Acquisition of Surveillance Technology Ordinance requiring COIT to publish an inventory of all surveillance technologies that are in possession or in use by City departments. A “Surveillance Technology” is defined as: A software, electronic device, system using an electronic device, or similar device used, designed, or primarily intended to collect, retain, process, or share audio, electronic, visual, location, thermal, biometric, olfactory or similar information specifically associated with, or capable or being associated with, any individual or group Please note: The Surveillance Ordinance includes 15 separate exemptions for technologies not required to be inventoried. For more details, please refer to the ordinance directly. Listed below is the current inventory of surveillance technologies by department. As additional technologies are identified, this list will continue to grow. Last updated December 10, 2020. Adult Probation Department No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Airport Queue Management Technology: Camera-based technology - helps to streamline queues (lines) so they move more efficiently - the technology's analytics can track and communicate wait times to manage guest expectations Media Access Control (MAC) Address: The media access control address (MAC address) of a device is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller. It is used as a network address for most network technologies, including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Airport operates an extensive Wi-Fi network throughout the Airport’s facilities. App-Based Commercial Transportation Management System: Airport uses data provided by Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) to track the whereabouts of specific vehicles (license plate info and geo-location information provided by TNCs in real-time at four different points of a TNC’s journey on the Airport’s premises) to support permit compliance. ParkAssist Parking Guidance System: The sensors determine parking stall availability and the cameras provide a snapshot of license plates to assist the public in locating their vehicles via Park Assist "Find My Car" smartphone app. License Plate Recognition System: System includes high-performance IP cameras and powerful software that provides consistent and reliable results. The system converts the image (picture of the license) to computer data that can be checked against a database. Location Centric Services: Beacon technology uses bluetooth radio transmitters - each beacon has a unique ID that is broadcasted by bluetooth to a receiver (i.e. a phone). The software on that receiver (i.e. mobile application) can deliver content tailored to that bacon. Unlike GPS satellites, beacons don't broadcast their location to satellites, they only broadcast their location to the device that is receiving their unique ID. Beacons can work indoors or outdoors and give a finer accuracy than GPS. Electronic Toll Readers: Vehicle-mounted transponder that is activated by an antenna on a toll lane. Individual account information is stored in the transponder. The antenna identifies the individual transponder and reads the associated account information. The amount of the toll is deducted from the associated account. Pre-Security Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) Cameras Hootsuite: Social Media Marketing and Management Dashboard Global Positioning System (GPS): Comprised of satellites, a ground station, and receivers. The receiver uses signals from several satellites (at least 3) to calculate the distances from itself to those satellites and pinpoint where you are. Arts Commission Surveillance Cameras: Surveillance systems are located in the San Francisco Arts Commission Galleries to monitor exhibition space at all times, as well as throughout City-owned Cultural Centers. Hootsuite: Social Media Monitoring Meltwater: Meltwater is a software designed to monitor social media and traditional media. Constant Contact: Email marketing service. Records names and emails of individuals who subscribe. Asian Art Museum Security Camera System: Monitoring and recording device Google Tag Manager: A Google marketing platform and tag management system that helps website owners track codes and collect analytics about their website. It helps website owners make decisions about their website. Data is stored in a a centralized location. It can also assist with analytics for purposes such as marketing, tracking customer conversion rates, and other site analytics. Steelhouse: Provides self-service advertising software that provides marketers with everything they need to build their own ads and launch retargeting and prespecting campaigns through display, mobile, native, and social media. The analytics and reporting feature is integrated into Google Analytics, which allows tracking and verification of all traffic and conversions across devices. It can be used to create reporting dashboards, display metrics, visualize metrics, etc. AdRoll: Uses advanced audience targeting to create awareness and drive high-quality new site traffic. It helps grow customer acquisition. Its growth marketing platform makes it easy to find the proper audience, create personalized, cross-channel experiences, and measure impact. Mobile Fuse: A mobile technology company that helps target and influence consumers. Their proprietary technology utilizes location and consumer mindset as a foundation to fuel customer insights. Consumer mindset is determined by leveraging environmental data including time of day, weather conditions, local event and census information that gives advertisers a holistic view into the user's mindset. MailChimp: Marketing automation platform and email marketing service Survey Gizmo: An enterprise-level data collection platform that collects feedback through surveys and gives surveyers fast and accurate reporting Survey Monkey: An online survey software that helps organizations or individual users create and run professional online surveys. Assessor-Recorder No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Board of Appeals No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Board of Supervisors MailChimp: Marketing automation platform and an email marketing service City Administrator's Office Buffer (311): Cloud based Social Media response system. It is a social media management software that allows organizations build their audience and grow their brand on social media. Allows organizations to measure and analyze content performance, track key engagement metrics, and measures stories, individual posts, and hashtags. It also measures audience demographics. MailChimp (Committee on Information Technology): Marketing automation platform and email marketing service Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Tracking and Telematics (Real Estate Department, Media Security Group): GPS tracking and motion data of City Vehicles Security Camera Systems (Real Estate Department, Media Security Group): Cameras, workstations, and Network Video Recorders (NVRs) to record security video. City Attorney's Office MailChimp: Marketing automation platform and an email marketing service City Planning Time-lapse Camera: Takes individual photos that can be left separate or woven together to create professional-looking time-lapse videos with ease. The camera runs automatically and is powered by AA batteries and can capture up to 30,000 images before its batteries require changing. Microsoft IIS Access Log: Server side logging that can be enabled on a URL group to record the folloing data: Client IP address, user name, data, time, service and instance, server name, server IP address, time taken, etc. Meraki WiFi: Meraki is a hardware and software solution that provides wireless Internet access (WiFi) to department staff and guests. The software provides some personally identifiable information in the form of hardware names, location identifiers and websites visited. MailChimp: Used for newsletters and public engagement. Mailchimp records the names and emails of individuals who subscribe to its services. GovDelivery: Used for newsletters and public engagement. GovDelivery records the names and emails of individuals who subscribe to its services. Google Web Analytics: Used for department's public facing web site to collect access data including browser type, source IP address, page accessed and timestamp BuildingEye: Web application which allows public to subscribe and receive notifications for permit related events. It stores some personal information such as name and email address. Civil Service Commission No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Child Support Services Sonitrol Security Cameras Children and Families Commission No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Controller Website subscribers Department of Building Inspection ForcePoint: Web security software for monitoring, filtering and reporting web traffic Department of Children, Youth & Their Families No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Department of Elections Nest Cameras: Cameras for internal viewing and streaming. Constant Contact: Email marketing service. Cooler Email: Email marketing service. Department of Emergency Management Closed Circuit Television Cameras (CCTVs): The system is maintained by DT and monitored by Sheriff’s Department staff on site. Not monitored by DEM Staff. Hootsuite: Social media monitoring. Tweetdeck: Social media monitoring. TweetDeck is a social media dashboard application for management of Twitter accounts. Originally an independent app, TweetDeck was subsequently acquired by Twitter Inc. and integrated into Twitter's interface. Public Safety Crime Cameras: The system is administered by SFPD and maintained by DT. DEM’s role is limited to providing copies of video at the request of SFPD personnel. ShotSpotter: An advanced system of sensors, algorithms and artificial intelligence to detect, locate and alert police to gunfire. It analyzes audio signals for potential gunshots, determines the location of the sound source, analyzes the pulse features to determine if the sound is likely to be gunfire, and notifies law enforcement and emergency responders. This system is maintained by the vendor and administered and paid for by SFPD. Department of the Environment No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing Homeless Shelter Reservation System: The system uses biometric finger imaging and photos to enroll single adult shelter clients, manage their reservations and identify and check-in those clients to the adult shelters. Security Camera System: Security camera collects images, which are available to staff for real-time review Department of Human Resources Security Cameras LiveScan Department of Public Health Closed Circuit Television Cameras (CCTVs): Security cameras located at various locations - A TV system in which signals signals are not publicly distributed, but monitored, primarily for surveillance and security purposes. Relies on strategic placement of cameras and observation of the camera's input on monitors somewhere Department of Public Works Aerial Drone Arlo Live Streaming: Arlo cameras can stream content live. They include includes the following features: motion notifications, cloud recording, and Auto Zoom and Tracking. Automatic License Plate Reader Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Tracking Device: Comprised of satellites, a ground station, and receivers. The receiver uses signals from several satellites (at least 3) to calculate the distances from itself to those satellites and pinpoint where you are. Department on the Status of Women No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Department of Technology Archive Social: Social media archiving permits consistent response to records requests Community Safety Cameras: Chapter 19 of the Admin Code defines “Community Safety Cameras means any digital recording surveillance system installed at fixed locations in an open and obvious manner by the City and County of San Francisco to film public streets, sidewalks or common areas of public housing complexes.” Critical Mention: Critical Mention is software designed to monitor social media and traditional media. Emma: Emma is an online, mass marketing email platform that DT uses to send email communications about planned maintenance, service upgrades, and other news and operations items. Meltwater: Meltwater is software designed to monitor social media and traditional media. Outdoor Facility Cameras District Attorney Exempt from compliance to avoid interference with investigative or prosecutorial functions Ethics Commission No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Health Service System No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Human Rights Commission No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Human Services Agency Meltwater: Meltwater is software designed to monitor social media. Client Lobby Cameras: H.S.A. has at least five (5) locations with client lobbies. These lobbies have security cameras in them to monitor the safety and security of City facilities. At three (3) of our H.S.A. buildings which have client lobbies, the cameras point to the exterior lobby doors and depending upon the specific building, the cameras show limited partial views of public streets, views of agency plaza, and some images blurred by glass doors. Fine Arts Museums Google Analytics: A free tracking tool offered by Google that shows how visitors use a website. A tracking code is added to the website so Google Analytics knows to track website visitors and any actions they perform. When a user visits the website, Google Analytics drops a cookie on the user's browser. Cookies are small files that contain information about the user's activities. Using these cookies, Google Analytics will know how a user behaves on your website and then collect this information. The reporting feature shows the demographics and geographic region of website visitors (i.e. age, gender), among other characteristics (interests, behavior, mobile, etc.). Facebook Business Manager: A free platform that runs and tracks ads, manages pages and ad accounts, or allow third-parties manage ad placements, etc. It helps advertisers integrate Facebook marketing efforts across the organization's business with external partners MailChimp: Mailchimp may gather personal information such as name, email address or telephone number. Mailchimp may also automatically gather information such as information about a user’s device such as IP address. Mailchimp uses cookies and other tracking technologies. Flashtalking: Flashtalking does not collect or process directly-identifiable information, such as a person’s name and email address, or hold sensitive data of any sort. Flashtalking’s products and policies limit their collection and use of personal data to online identifiers such as IP addresses, cookie IDs and device IDs, which they use for fraud detection, engagement analysis, and advertising delivery. The Trade Desk: The information collected by The Trade Desk includes internet protocol (IP) addresses, browser type, internet service provider (ISP), referring/exit pages, operating system, date/time stamp, and clickstream data. This data is gathered using several different methods including log files, cookies, clear gifs, and social media features. Bidtellect: The information collected by Bidtellect includes name, email address, password, telephone number, computer IP address, mobile device unique ID and real-time geographic information. The combination of this data is then used to determine the interest and behaviors of a unique user so that Bidtellect can deliver personalized advertising content to them Google Adwords: Search ad platform - Google's advertising system through which advertisers bid on certain keywords in order for their clickable ads to appear in Google's search results. Advertisers pay for these clicks. Also known as "Google Ads" Data Studio: Advertisement integration and analytics - A Google product that helps prepare data visualizations by providing the resources to turn data into informative, easy to share, and fully customizable dashboards and reports. To use it, must connect data sets such as those from Google Marketing Platform products, Google consumer products, databases, updated CSV files, or social media platforms. Optmyzr: Optimizes advertisers' pay-per-click advertising. It assembs raw AdWords and Bing Ads information into comprehensive visualizations so advertisement account managers can follow highlights and trends and guide their ad placement strategies. It relies on robust automation that is enabled and enhanced with AdWords scripts. Datorama: Visualization platform Meraki: Cloud-controlled WiFi, routing, and security CCTVs: Security cameras located at various locations - A TV system in which signals signals are not publicly distributed, but monitored, primarily for surveillance and security purposes. Relies on strategic placement of cameras and observation of the camera's input on monitors somewhere Falcon: This Social Media listening tool tracks a user’s interactions with the museum’s social media channels over time. I.e. whether they have commented on posts in the past in addition to the current one Fire Department Drone Surveillance Cameras: Mounted security cameras at Department facilities. Thermal Imaging Cameras: Cameras scan and record heat sources and can record data. Mounted Cameras on Mobile Command Vehicle: Vehicle has mounted cameras for monitoring of surrounding area through live video feed. 360-Degree Cameras on Department Apparatus (Fire Trucks): 360-degree cameras attached to department apparatus (fire trucks) assist drivers in seeing other people or objects around them. Cameras record footage on a 30-hour loop. Body-Worn Cameras Survey Monkey: An online survey software that helps organizations or individual users create and run professional online surveys. Critical Mention: Critical Mention is software designed to monitor social media and traditional media. Juvenile Probation Department SCRAM CAM: This wearable technology takes transdermal readings to detect the presence of alcohol in the body of the wearer. Electronic Monitoring Ankle Bracelet: Electronic monitoring GPS consists of an ankle bracelet worn by an individual that includes a small electronic device that periodically sends location coordinates via Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) to a database application maintained by the vendor and accessible to Probation Officers. FASTRAK Transponders: Transponders that facilitate payment of bridge and high-occupancy vehicle tolls. Law Library No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Mayor's Office of Housing and Community Development Surveillance Cameras Critical Mention: Critical Mention is software designed to monitor social media and traditional media. Municipal Transportation Agency Anti-terrorism Analytic Software for Muni Subway: Antiterrorism analytic software Connected Streets Sensors: Pilot program that uses LIDAR (light detection and ranging) and DSRC (dedicated short-range communications) sensors to detect the position, motion (e.g., speed, heading, acceleration), brake-system status, and size of traveling vehicles. Data Feeds from stationless bicycle and powered scooter share programs: Application programming interfaces (APIs) that program permittees use to transmit de-identified trip data for individual bicycles and powered scooters. SFMTA does also receive/process pick-up, drop-off, and telemetry data for these modes of transit, including taxis, commuter shuttle, station less bicycles, and powered scooter share programs. Electronic Taxi Access System (ETAS): Data collection software system used by individual taxi cabs to deliver to the SFMTA real-time trip data Genetec Video Management Software: Software that collects, manages, reviews, and shares video and media files License Plate Readers: Cameras installed on SFMTA-owned parking-enforcement vehicles and parking garages. Pay-by-Phone Application for SFMTA parking meters: Mobile smartphone application that SFMTA customers use to pay parking rates at SFMTA on-street parking meters. Red light cameras and no right-turn cameras: Automated cameras used to enforce illegal red-light running and illegal right turns at 13 intersections throughout the City. The cameras are triggered by moving violations only. Security Cameras inside SFMTA-regulated taxi cabs Social media monitoring software Transit-Only Lane Enforcement (TOLE) cameras: Bus-mounted cameras that use license plate reader technology to identify vehicles stopped unlawfully in red transit-only lanes. Video Analytics for SFMTA passenger vehicles: Analytics software Video Cameras Police Department Andros Robotics with Camera and Audio Automated License Plate Reader (ALPR): System includes high-performance IP cameras and powerful software that provides consistent and reliable results. The system converts the image (picture of the license) to computer data that can be checked against a database. Avatar Robot: A rugged, easy-to-use tactical robot that enhances the capabilities of law enforcement and first-responders by allowing them to safely and quickly inspect dangerous situations without sending in personnel. Provides two-way audio with a video recording capability. Blackbag BlackLight Body Worn Cameras Cellebrite: Digital forensics devices that manufacture data extraction, transfer, and analysis devices for cellular phones and mobile devices. Can provide real-time device extractions in the field to allow fast access to a variety of mobile devices. Cell Hawk City Department Surveillance Cameras Cogent Automatic Biometric Identification System (ABIS): Processes, edits, searches, retrieves Dataminr First Alert DataWorksPlus Digital Crime Scene System: Records, documents, and manages all information about a crime scene with digital security. It securely stores forensic data, images, videos, photos, reports, documentts, drawings and narratives. Relies on Microsoft technology and SQL database for easy sharing, data backup, secure data access, and disaster recovery. Video management and editing also available. DataWorksPlus Digital Photo Manager System: Investigative mugshot and booking records management system that is used to collect, protect, manage, store, search, and run reports for mugshot data. Capabilities: image capture, facial comparison (within database), & tatoo recognition. DNA Analysis Software: Analysis: Genemapper, Verogen sequencing software, STRmix Fiber Optic Camera: A small camera that is used to examine and inspect small, difficult-to-reach places. FLIR Voyager cameras Forensic Toolkit Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Tracking Device: Comprised of satellites, a ground station, and receivers. The receiver uses signals from several satellites (at least 3) to calculate the distances from itself to those satellites and pinpoint where you are. GrayKey HNT Throw Phone/Camera: Hostage Negotiation Team throw phone - calls are signaled through ring and request communications - should the subject refuse to communicate over the telephone handset the operator may still monitor/listen to sounds within the proximity of the device via the embedded microphones. IP Cameras (Digital Cameras) Irobot: The iRobot 710 Kobra can crawl, climb, reach, grasp, carry, stream video and broadcast voice from up to 100 feet away. A built-in HD camera transmits all the action to a smart phoen or tablet via the iRobot's WiFi enabled, downloadable application. Life Tech 7500 or RT-PCR instruments Life Technology 3500 and 3130xl Capillary Electrophoresis instruments Lil Ears Microphone MacQuisition Magnetic Forensics Non-City Entity Surveillance Cameras OpenText™ EnCase™ Forensic Penlink: Software provider for communications data analysis. It can assist with investigation of all communication types - it can collect, analyze, and export large volumes of social media, email, and other internet communications data. It can identify data links, frequencies, timelines, and call associations. Data can be loaded into the software. It can also use global positioning to plot cell site usage or ping coordinates from judicially authorized real-time or historical data. Pole Camera Qiagen EZ1 or EZ2 extraction robots Qiagen Qiacubes QinetiQ Robotics with Camera and Audio Recon Scout: Recon Scout XT is a small throwable reconnaissance robot designed and manufactured dby Recon Robotics. Can be used by warfighters, dismounted patrols, special weapons and tactics (SWAT) and other special operations teams. The robot offers real-time situational awareness and greater stand-off distance. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Scanner: RFID tags can be used to verify the identify of visitors, employees, and pinpoint people's locations. By affixing RFID tags to equipment, equipmet can be better tracked. Can also be used for asset control. SeaFLIR II camera ShotSpotter: Technology accessed through third party. An advanced system of sensors, algorithms and artificial intelligence to detect, locate and alert police to gunfire. It analyzes audio signals for potential gunshots, determines the location of the sound source, analyzes the pulse features to determine if the sound is likely to be gunfire, and notifies law enforcement and emergency responders. SWAT Camera: Camera used by special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team - specifications depend on the type of SWAT camera Tactical Electronics Fiber Scope: A precision fiber optic inspection tool utilizing a two-way probe for inspection of enclosed objects. The non-conductive tip makes the unit suitable for inspection of volatile liquids. A sharp, well-defined, bright image is viewed due to high quality light fibers and a high resolution optical system. Thermalcyclers Under Door Camera: Depending on the camera it can provide forward and upward camera views or forward, upward, left, and right camera views. Video is typically streamed wirelessly to the monitor over an encrypted channel Under Vehicle Camera: Uses color area scanning technology to scan and inspect the undercarriage of vehicles to search and analyze images for explosive devices, suspicious objects, or contraband such as drugs and weapons. Ideal for checkpoints. Can transmit video over IP, fiber optics, coax, or wireless and integrate with ALPR and drier image-capture cameras. (FLEX) Scans, monitors, and digitally records crisp, clear digital video images of the entire width of a vehicles undersides using advanced digital camera imaging and LED illumination. Images are processed by the Digital Video Recorder and displayed in quad screen format. Display the underside of the vehicle. Vertmax Camera: Utilizing patented compressed air technology, the VerTmax is an extendable (telescopic) pole that increases in height. The operator controls the extended length of the telescopic pole by regulating the flow of air with the reservoir valve. A range of accessories can be attached to the tip of the VerTmax telescopic pole, including a Grappling Hook, antennae or wireless camera. Office of Economic and Workforce Development Public Safety Crime Cameras: Next generation integrated IP Video with real-time system diagnostics. Multi-megapixel exterior network cameras. Remotely accessible secure system operation. End-to-end Managed Support Services Port of San Francisco Closed Circuit Television Camera (CCTV): A TV system in which signals signals are not publicly distributed, but monitored, primarily for surveillance and security purposes. Relies on strategic placement of cameras and observation of the camera's input on monitors somewhere Hootsuite: Social Media Marketing and Management Dashboard MailChimp: Marketing automation platform and email marketing service Network Fleet Management System: Web based enterprise Fleet Management system that utilizes GPS and telemetrics to monitor use of City owned vehicles. Network Server: Computer designed to process requests and deliver data to another computer over the internet or a local network. This one may process CCTV system data Network Video Recorder: Ensures remote access to a live video stream from the Internet Protocol camera along with simultaneous recording. It is a true digital system and records the digital images or videos received over the network onto a hard disk or other storage device. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: UAV/Drone operated by City approved vendor in accordance with the Port's approved Drone Policy Public Defender No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Public Library EnvisionWare Internet Management Software: The software logs a patron onto a public access computer utilizing the patron’s library card number and tracks how much time a patron spends on the computer (2 hour daily limit) -- it does not track what Internet sites the patron is visiting, and the data is purged within 24 hours of patron usage. Meraki WiFi: Meraki is a hardware and software solution that provides wireless Internet access (WiFi) to library patrons. The software provides some personally identifiable information in the form of hardware names, location identifiers and websites visited, although the Library does not monitor or store this information. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags: There are only two pieces of information stored on the passive RFID tag, a 14-digit barcode number that uniquely identifies the item (already present on the barcode sticker affixed to the cover of each item) and a security component that has two settings (item checked out and safe to leave library; or, item not checked out and should not leave the library). Security Cameras: Cameras are located in the following library locations: Main Library, Chinatown Branch, Ortega Branch, Park Branch, Presidio Branch, Visitation Valley Branch, Bayview Branch, and the Support Services building at 190 9th Street. Sensource People Counters: Sensource is a hardware and software solution that uses overhead video feeds to monitor the volume of foot traffic in and out of all 28 library locations. The counters do not store video feed data unless an administrator prospectively requires the software to do so, and the Library does not use the platform in this way. Public Utilities Commission anyCOMM SmartCity Node: As part of a pilot program, the SFPUC has installed anyCOMM SmartCity Nodes on top of 60 street light poles in various locations within San Francisco (10 sites – 6 nodes at each site). Each anyCOMM node has the capability to capture live images from the top of the pole (including video at up to 5 fps). Geographic Positioning System (GPS): Comprised of satellites, a ground station, and receivers. The receiver uses signals from several satellites (at least 3) to calculate the distances from itself to those satellites and pinpoint where you are. Surveillance Cameras: Security cameras and wild life/game and go-pro cameras to monitor various areas of SFPUC watershed land that the public can access Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Recreation and Park Department Security Cameras License Plate Readers: System includes high-performance IP cameras and powerful software that provides consistent and reliable results. The system converts the image (picture of the license) to computer data that can be checked against a database. Body Cameras Web Camera: A video camera that feeds or streams an image or video in real time. Drones (UAV) Rent Arbitration Board Security Cameras: Camera in the Lobby Retirement System No surveillance technology inventory reported to date Sheriff Exempt from compliance to avoid interference with investigative or prosecutorial functions Treasurer-Tax Collector No surveillance technology inventory reported to date War Memorial Veterans Building Surveillance Camera System Policy Dates Next Review Date: FY 2020 - 2021 Committee on Information Technology